Block quotations, also called block quotes, are long quotations that are indented from the surrounding text. In the first part of this three-part series, I’ll explain how to introduce block quotations in your content. But first, let’s take a look at the purpose of block quotations and how long they should be.
The Purpose of Block Quotations
Although block quotations were originally a typesetting mechanism,1 today they serve three purposes: (1) improve readability by visually separating lengthy quotations from the surrounding text, (2) help to ensure that the quoted material is not mistaken for original content, and (3) display quoted material that may need special formatting such as letters reproduced in their entirety or short excerpts of poetry or song lyrics.
Block Quotation Lengths
Generally, long quotations should be formatted as block quotations and short quotations should be formatted as run-in quotations. However, our primary style guides are not on the same page when it comes to defining “long” and “short.”
The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends using block quotations for all quoted material over ninety-nine words, multi-paragraph quotations (even if less than a hundred words), and content that needs special formatting.2
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) suggests using block quotations for all quoted material exceeding thirty-nine words.3
The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing advises block quotations for quoted prose that runs over four lines or poetry that runs more than three lines.4 Unfortunately, line length can vary dramatically when viewed on different mobile devices, so this recommendation isn’t particularly helpful outside of printed academic projects.
With apologies to longtime readers who have read this many times before, if you don’t have an official style guide already and are wondering which one to follow, I always recommend Chicago style first because it is a comprehensive and versatile option for general business writing as well as most fiction and nonfiction publishing.
How to Introduce Block Quotations
Block quotations are usually introduced with a complete sentence ending with a colon.
(All of the examples below use Latin filler text in order to maintain emphasis on formatting.)
They can also be introduced with a complete sentence ending in a period.5
Or, they can be introduced with an incomplete sentence that segues into another incomplete sentence at the start of the quotation thereby creating a complete sentence.6
In addition, they can be introduced with a run-in attribution ending in a comma if the introductory material contains part of the quoted material.7
The upcoming “Block Quotations, Part 2: How to Format Block Quotations” will cover structural issues such as indentation sizes, quotation mark usage, multi-paragraph indentation, and citation placement. And “Block Quotations, Part 3: Block Quotation Issues and Concerns” will discuss special considerations when using block quotations such as copyright issues, reader expectations, and alternative options.
If you just can’t get enough of quotations (because, seriously, who can get enough of quotations?), check out my last post, “How to Introduce Run-in Quotations.”
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1. “Block Quotation,” Wikipedia, last modified July 22, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_quotation.
2. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 623.
3. American Psychological Association, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2012), 92.
4. Modern Language Association of America, MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2008), 124-25.
5. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 627; Modern Language Association of America, MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2008), 124.
6. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 625.
7. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 628; Modern Language Association of America, MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2008), 124.
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